The ADDIE model is a process of designing learning experiences commonly used within the instructional design community. ADDIE is an acronym that stands for analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. It was first conceptualized in the 1950s and later used by the U.S. Air Force to implement various soldier training programs. The ADDIE model is a five-staged process designed to create engaging and meaningful learning in its simplest form.
Image 1: Stages of the Addie Process
One of the key factors of the ADDIE process is that everything is sequential. Designers cannot start one process without first completing the one prior. This ensures instructional designers are thorough in their work and creates a map of the design process.
ANALYZE
Think of the analysis phase of the ADDIE process as the "goal setting" phase. Here, objectives are established, and the "designers' main consideration is the target audience" (Pearson, 2003). Knowing who the training is intended for allows designers to adjust and accommodate elements of the program so that they are more effective for the learners.
DESIGN
If the analysis phase is where designers establish goals, then the design phase is where they begin planning. During this phase, the designer must take the information established in the analysis phase and decide how to meet those objectives. Think in terms of throwing a dinner party: in the analysis phase, you have determined who you're cooking for and what you're going to prepare for them. It's during the design phase that you develop a menu and a grocery list. You will consider the equipment you have to prepare the meal and adjust accordingly.
DEVELOP
The development phase is a "transitional" moment of the project. It is here where 'designers must now refer to the results from the previous two phases and construct a product for the delivery of the information during the development phase" (Pearson, 2003). Thinking back to our dinner party, this is where the recipes and itineraries for the evening are developed. Using what has been established in previous steps, the designer will then decide what platform/methods will most effectively teach the audience.
IMPLEMENT
"In the implementation phase, designers must take an active role rather than a passive role" (Pearson, 2003). Here, the designer finds out what does and doesn't work for the program and makes modifications (or omissions). This is the equivalent of testing out a new apple pie recipe a few days before Thanksgiving to ensure that it tastes good and will be eaten by the guests. The chef, or designer rather, would have others test out features of the program and collect feedback from their experience.
EVALUATE
The last step in the process is the evaluation phase. If ever there were a more important step to this process, it is this one. The evaluation is when the designer collects the data from the development phase to see the program objectives have been met. If all goals are completed, then the program is a success and is ready for launch. However, if the data shows that learners consistently fail to meet goals, the designer can take that information and utilize it to revise the program's components. This process can repeat until the intended goals are met, and the program is ready for use.
WHY DO WE USE ADDIE?
The ADDIE process is popular because it works and "can be applied in various settings because of its systematic and generic structure" (Pearson, 2003). It is a structured process that gives designers the tools to map out learning programs and take an active role in ensuring that the final product is usable.
Sources
Peterson, C. (2003). Bringing ADDIE to Life: Instructional Design at Its Best. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 12(3), 227-241. Norfolk, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved January 24, 2021, from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/2074/.
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